Current risks and problems of international security institutions and ways to overcome them

The purpose of this study is to identify problems that reduce the effectiveness of international security institutions' performance of their functions in maintaining global peace and security, as well as to find possible approaches to updating their activities. Achieving the defined goal includes studying the compliance of the functionality and powers of international security institutions with modern types of threats to global security. The study focuses on the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO), the Council of Europe (CoE) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In order to achieve this goal, the documents governing the activities of these institutions and the decisions they made during 2014-2025 were analyzed. Along with the theoretical aspects of regulating their activities, an analysis of cases is carried out (annexation of Crimea, seizure by russian occupation forces of the Chernobyl nuclear power plants and ZNPPs), where the reaction of these institutions can be assessed as ineffective or ineffective, the reasons for this situation are determined and proposals are provided to improve the functionality of global security entities. The study showed that 2014 was a key moment for the system of collective security. The conditions of a real war in Europe revealed the inability to ensure an adequate response from the security structures. Voluntary participation in such structures and relevant contracts and the possibility of withdrawing from it at any time makes the entire system vulnerable. Since such an exit usually concerns strong members, it not only weakens the collective security system, but also upsets the balance in the field of global security. The existing paradoxes in decision-making protocols also create the collapse of collective security systems. This problem can only be solved by completely removing the parties to the conflict from decision-making. It is also proposed to solve the issue of ensuring the performance of functions in a crisis situation by security structures that are not related to military components (such as MEGATE) through the creation of appropriate security alliances. The conclusions proposed in the study on the problems of the functioning of modern security structures and approaches to their solution can become the basis for further research in the field of collective and global security.

NATO, international security, nuclear plants, UN procedure, war