Revisiting the issue of legal determination of the concept of artificial intelligence

The problem of forming a conceptual and terminological framework for the category of artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly significant in the field of law due to the widespread dissemination of new technologies and their growing influence on social relations. This article addresses the concept of artificial intelligence, which is generating lively debates in the field of jurisprudence as it becomes more prevalent in national, foreign, and international law. The object of the research are the provisions containing the definition of "artificial intelligence" in the legal systems of world’s technologically leading countries, according to the Global Artificial Intelligence Index 2024, which includes the USA, China, Singapore, the UK, France, South Korea, Germany, Canada, Israel, and India. In addition to analyzing existing legislative acts and proposed laws, the author also examines soft law, which consists of recommendatory norms. Special attention is given to the evolution of the understanding of artificial intelligence in EU documents. The article summarizes the main approaches to defining artificial intelligence: methodological, related to the sequence of operations, and functional, which emphasizes task performance described in either objective or subjective manner.  By comparing the features of the concept of artificial intelligence as reflected in various legal provisions, the author identifies both commonalities and distinctive elements, ultimately suggesting a broad definition of artificial intelligence as a type of technology that builds and implements models by processing received information to produce output data for the fulfilment of set objectives – such as decisions, forecasts, recommendations, and content – that closely resembles outcomes derived from human cognitive abilities. The author summarizes the features of artificial intelligence as a concept: interactivity, efficiency, goal-based performance, adaptability, autonomy, imitativeness, consistency, and methodological nature. This research underscores the importance of further exploring the legal determination of the concept of artificial intelligence. The conclusions of the article can aid in ensuring legislative regulation of artificial intelligence in Ukraine. The findings presented herein provide a more comprehensive understanding of artificial intelligence for those interested in new technologies.

artificial intelligence; concept of artificial intelligence; definition of artificial intelligence; legal framework on artificial intelligence; legal support of the use of artificial intelligence; machine learning.